MAZUR SEVENTH EDITION page references

READINGS (subject to expansion and revision)
in Mazur, James E. (2013). Learning And Behavior (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. (ISBN: 9780205246441)

CH.1: The Psychology Of Learning And Behavior

* pp. 10-15, "Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches to Learning," "The Emphasis on External Events"

* pp. 4-7 the Empiricist / Associationist tradition; (Rationalist / Nativist tradition covered in lecture)

* OPTIONAL: Ebbinghaus's human memory experiments pp. 7-10

* omit pp. 15-24 on physiology

CH.2: Innate Behavior Patterns And Habituation -- entire chapter; note highlights and exceptions:

* reflex p. 28; tropism p. 29: kineses p. 29 and taxes p. 30; fixed-action patterns pp. 30-32; reaction chains pp. 32-33

* habituation: pp. 35-39; omit pp. 39-41 on "Physiological Mechanisms Of Habituation"; continue with pp. 41-46 on the "Opponent-Process Theory"

CH.3: Basic Principles Of Classical Conditioning -- entire chapter; note highlights and exceptions:

* omit "Aversive Counterconditioning" and "Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis" pp. 70-73; continue with chapter summary on pp. 73-74

CH.4: Theories And Research On Classical Conditioning -- entire chapter; note highlights and exceptions:

* omit "Theories Of Attention" and "Comparator Theories Of Conditioning" pp. 82-83

* continue with p. 84 on "Associations In First-Order Conditioning" and "Associations In Second-Order Conditioning"

* omit "Associations With Contextual Stimuli," "CS-CS Associations," and "Occasion Setting" pp. 85-86

* continue with pp. 86-96 "Biological Constraints On Classical Conditioning" through "Conditioned Opponent Theories"

* omit "Physiological Research On Classical Conditioning" pp. 96-99; continue with chapter summary p. 99-100

Index of Classical Conditioning Phenomena:

Acquisition [49-50, 55-56]

Extinction [56-57]

Spontaneous Recovery [57-58]

Inhibition / Excitation [57-58]

Disinhibition [58]

Rapid Reacquisition [59]

Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory [52-53]

S-S and S-R Associations [54-55]

- Rescorla's Devaluation and Revaluation Procedures

Higher-Order Conditioning [64-66]

Sensory Preconditioning

Conditioned Inhibition [59-60]

- Retardation and Summation Tests

Latent Inhibition / CS Pre-Exposure Effect [82]

US Pre-Exposure Effect

Sensitization (increased responsiveness to ANY stimulus after presentation of a strong US)

Generalization and Discrimination [60-61]

Role of the response in modern interpretations of classical conditioning may really just be as a dependent variable to measure strength of CS-US association (or of any S-S association); CR and UR as such aren't necessarily interesting

Psychoneuroimmunology (Conditioning of the Immune System) [67-68]

Watson's "Little Albert" Experiment on Phobias [68-69]

Systematic Desensitization [68-70]

Drug Tolerance, Withdrawal, Paradoxical Overdose [92-95]

Conditioned Opponent Theories [95-96]

- Sometimes Opponent Process (SOP)

Pavlov's Assumptions of Contiguity and Arbitrariness / Equipotentiality [87-88]

Taste Aversion Learning / Biological Constraints on Learning / Belongingness [86-89, 90-92]

- Garcia's Experiment / The Garcia Effect [88-89]

- Wilcoxon, Dragoin, and Kral's Experiment [89]

- Hospital Anorexia (Taste Aversions in Chemotherapy)

Rescorla's Contingency Experiments (CS-US Correlations) [63-64]

- Experiment on Dogs Receiving Forward, Backward, and Mixed Conditioning

- Experiment on Rats Receiving Same Contiguity but Different Contingencies of Tone and Shock

Blocking and Overshadowing [76-80]

Rescorla-Wagner Model of Learning On Individual Conditioning Trials [77-82]

Overexpectation Effect [80-81]

CH.5: Basic Principles Of Operant Conditioning

* "The Law Of Effect" pp. 101-104; "The Research Of B.F. Skinner" pp. 112-114

* pp. 104-108: superstitious behaviors and Staddon and Simmelhag's(1971) interpretation in terms of interim and terminal behaviors (note relation to autoshaping / sign-tracking experiment on pp. 120-124)

* pp. 108-112: shaping (but omit pp. 111-112 on "percentile schedules")

* p. 108 conditioned reinforcers

* pp. 115-116 generalized reinforcers

* pp. 117-119 chaining

* pp. 119-125 biological constraints on operant conditioning: Brelands and intinctive drift; autoshaping or "sign-tracking" interpreted as classical rather than operant conditioning (note relation to SSDRs pp. 159-160)

CH.6 "The Four Simple Reinforcement Schedules" pp. 128-134

CH.7 "Punishment" p. 164; "Is Punishment The Opposite Of Reinforcement" pp. 164-165; "Disadvantages Of Using Punishment" pp. 168-169; "Negative Punishment" pp. 169-170; "Negative Punishment: Response Cost And Time-Out" pp. 172-173

* pp. 152-153 definition of negative reinforcement and punishment

* pp. 154-155 "two-factor theory"

* pp. 159-160 Bolles's idea of "species-specific defense reactions" or SSDRs

* pp. 161-164 learned helplessness

CH.8 "How Can We Predict What Will Be A Reinforcer?" pp. 185-187 (through "Drive Reduction")

* pp. 179-180 Tolman's views about the role of reinforcement; latent learning

* pp. 181-183 Neal Miller's work on operant conditioning of visceral responses; James Olds's work on electrical stimulation of the brain as a reinforcer

* pp. 188-189 Premack's principle

* pp. 191-193 response deprivation theory (Timberlake and Allison)